Video: What Is The Treatment For Diabetes – Kris Iyer, MD

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Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases described by high blood sugar levels, which comes from defects in insulin release, or action, or both. Diabetes was first identified as a disease associated with "sweet urine," and excessive muscle loss in the ancient world. High levels of blood glucose which is known as hyperglycemia leads to leaking of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine. Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, which is a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. When the blood glucose rises for example, after eating food, insulin is released from the pancreas to normalize the glucose level. In patients with diabetes, the absence or decrease in production of insulin causes hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a chronic medical condition, simply meaning that although it can be controlled, it lasts a lifetime.

Over time, diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage. These types of damage are the result of damage to small vessels, referred to as microvascular disease. Diabetes is also an important factor in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries pretty much leading to strokes, coronary heart disease, and other large blood vessel diseases. This is referred to as macrovascular disease. Diabetes affects approximately 17 million people which is about 8% of the population in the United States. In addition, an estimated additional 12 million people in the United States have diabetes and don't even know about it. Some of the early symptoms of untreated diabetes are related to elevated blood sugar levels, and loss of glucose in the urine. High amounts of glucose in the urine can cause increased urine output and lead to dehydration. Dehydration causes increased thirst and water consumption over time.

There are few ways that diabetes can be diagnosed like for example: the fasting blood glucose sugar test which very simply is the preferred way to diagnose diabetes. It is easy to perform and convenient. After the person has fasted overnight at least 8 hours, a single sample of blood is drawn and sent to the laboratory for analysis. This can also be done accurately in a doctor's office using a glucose meter and its done.